Czech, originally Bohemian, Czech Etina, is a West Slavic language linked to Slovak, Polish, as well as the eastern German Sorbian languages. It is the primary language of the Czech Republic in the ancient territories of Bohemia, Moravia, including southwestern Silesia. The Roman (Latin) script is used to write Czech. Czech glosses found in Latin as well as German literature from the 12th century are the language's earliest recordings.
French
French was the dominant language of far more than 25 countries at the turn of the century. French grammar has been substantially streamlined from that of Latin, as has the grammar of other Romance languages. Case does not apply to nouns. They used to be designated for plural by adding -s or -es, but the suffix has mostly been lost in pronunciation, despite being kept in spelling. The masculine and feminine genders are distinguished, however they are normally indicated in the linked article or adjectives rather than in the noun.
German
The first recorded encounter between Germanic speakers and the Romans took place in the first century BCE. There was just one "Germanic" language for several generations after that, with only slight dialect deviations. Proto-Germanic, which was spoken in Early Mediaeval Scandinavia, gave rise to all Germanic languages. The German language can only be discussed after the 6th century CE.
Italian
The Italian language, often known as Italian Italiano, is a Romance language spoken by around 66,000,000 people, the vast majority of whom reside within Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia). It is the state language of Italy, San Marino, as well as the Vatican City (in conjunction with Latin). Italian is also a main language of Switzerland, where this is spoken by around 666,000 people in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden (Grisons). In France, Italian is also a widely spoken language.
Polish
Polish is a Lechitic language closely connected to Czech, Slovak, and Sorbian languages found in eastern Germany; it is spoken by the majority of Poland's current population. The present literary language, inscribed in the Roman (Latin) script, comes from the 16th century and was derived from dialects spoken in the Poznan district of western Poland.
Portuguese
Portuguese is indeed a Romance language descended from Galician-Portuguese, that was spoken in mediaeval Galicia. It is a state language of the European Union, the African Union, the Organization of American States, and the countries of the Lusophone region. In the West Iberian Peninsula, the Portuguese language evolved from Latin. In 216 BCE, Ancient Romans and colonists introduced Latin. Roman soldiers, immigrants, and merchants spread the language to new areas.
Spanish
Spanish is the official language of 18 countries in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, as well as Venezuela), as well as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It is also the official language of Spain in Europe and Equatorial Guinea in Africa. Mexico had the most speakers in the early twenty-first century, followed by Colombia, Argentina, the United States, and Spain.
Indian Languages
Assamese
Assamese is an Indo-Aryan (Indian) language spoken in the state of Assam in India. Assamese, the one and only indigenous Indo-Aryan language of the Assam region, has been influenced by the region's Tibeto-Burman dialects in terms of lexicon, phonetics, and structure. It has a highly inflected grammar, as well as various pronouns with noun plural markers for usage in prestigious and non honorific constructions. Assamese is closely linked to Bengali, and it lacks grammatical gender differences like Bengali and Oriya.
Bengali
Bengali, also known as Bengali Bangla, is an Indo-Aryan language that belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It is spoken as a first or second language by more than 210 million people worldwide, with 100 million Bengali speakers in Bangladesh, 85 million in India, mainly in the states of West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura, and large immigrant communities in the United Kingdom, the United States, as well as the Mid East. It is the main language of Bangladesh and is one of the languages recognised by India's constitution.
Gujarati
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language that belongs to the Indo-Iranian family of Indo-European languages. Gujarati is an Indian language spoken by about 46 million people and is legally recognised by the Indian constitution. The majority of these people live in Gujarat, India, however there are considerable diaspora communities all over the world, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. The history of the language can be traced back to the 12th century CE. In Gujarati, nouns have 3 genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), two numbers (single and plural), and 3 cases (nominative, oblique, and agentive-locative).
Hindi
Hindi belongs to the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-Iranian part of the Indo-European language family. Although much national business is conducted in English and the other languages recognised by the Indian constitution, it is the preferred official language of India. Approximately 425 million people in India speak Hindi as their first language, with another 120 million speaking it as a second.
Kannada
Kannada is a Dravidian language that is sometimes known as Kanarese or Kannana. It is the primary language of the state of Karnataka in southern India. Kannada is also spoken there neighbouring states of Karnataka. According to early-twentieth-century census figures, 38 million people spoke Kannada as their first language, with some other 9 to 10 million using it as a second. Kannada was declared a classical language by the Indian government in 2008.
Malayalm
Malayalam is a Dravidian language that belongs to the South Dravidian subgroup. Malayalam is mostly spoken in India, where it is the main language of Kerala state and Lakshadweep union territory. In adjoining parts of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, it is also spoken by multilingual people. Malayalam was spoken by more over 35 million people in the early twenty-first century.
Marathi
The Indo-Aryan language Marathi is spoken throughout central and western India. Its range stretches from north of Mumbai along the western coast through Goa and eastward over the Deccan; it was designated as the official language of Maharashtra in 1966. The city of Pune's standard manner of speech is used (Poona). Marathi, which is descended from Mahārāṣṭrī Prākrit, has a notable literature. Books are printed in Devanāgarī script, which is also used for handwriting, though until the mid-20th century, a nearly related script, Modi, was also widely used for handwriting.
Nepali
Nepali is a component of the Pahari branch of the Indo-Aryan group of a Indo-Iranian division of the Indo-European languages, sometimes known as Gurkha, Gork hali, Gurkhali, or Khaskura. Nepali is spoken by around 17 million people, the majority of whom live in Nepal and bordering India. Nepali is linked to the dialects of northern India, particularly Sindhi, Lahnda, and Punjabi, based on phonetic change patterns.
Oriya
Oriya, often spelled Oriya, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 50 million people. It is the principal main language of the Indian state of Odisha and is legally recognised or "scheduled" under the Indian constitution (Oriya). There are numerous dialects of the language; Mughal Bandi (Coastal Odia) is the mainstream dialect and the educational language. Oriya, the oldest of the Indo-Aryan family's eastern branches, is descended from Ardha Magadhi Prakrit. Odia is thought to have originated in the 10th century CE, though it remained pretty much indistinguishable from Bengali till the 11th Century.
Punjabi
Punjabi is one of the most commonly spoken Indo-Aryan languages, often known as Panjabi. The archaic British spelling "Punjabi" is still more often used than the academically correct "Panjabi." Punjabi speakers were around 30 million in India in the early twenty-first century. It is the main language of the Indian state of Punjab and one of the Indian constitution's recognised languages. Punjabi is spoken by about 70 million people in Pakistan, predominantly in the Punjab region, but Urdu has official recognition at both the federal and regional levels.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit language, (from Sanskrit saṃskṛta, "adorned, cultured, refined"), an Old Indo-Aryan language wherein the Vedas, written in Vedic Sanskrit, are the most ancient documents. Although Vedic texts represent dialects found in the northern midlands of the Indian subcontinent and regions immediately east of it at the time, the earliest texts—including the Rigveda ("The Veda Composed in Verses"), which scholars generally date to around 1500 BCE—come from the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent, the region of the ancient seven rivers (sapta sindhava).
Tamil
The Tamil language is a Dravidian language that is spoken largely in India. It is the main language of Tamil Nadu in India and Puducherry, a union territory (Pondicherry). It is also the official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore, with large populations in Malaysia, Mauritius, Fiji, and South Africa. Tamil was proclaimed a classical language of India in 2004, meaning it meets three criteria: it has ancient beginnings, a distinct tradition, and a significant body of ancient literature.
Telugu
Telugu is the Dravidian language family's largest member. It is the main language of the state of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and is predominantly spoken in southeastern India. Telugu has around 75 million speakers in the early twenty-first century. The language's first written documents date from 575 CE. The Telugu script is related to the Kannada language and is derived from the Calukya kingdom of the 6th century. Telugu culture begins in the 11th century with Nannaya Bhatta's adaptation of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
Urdu
Urdu is spoken as a primary language by about 70 million people in Pakistan and India, and also as a second language by even more over 100 million people. It is Pakistan's official state language, and it is also formally recognised, or "scheduled," in India's constitution. The United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States all have significant speech communities. Urdu and Hindi, in particular, are mutually comprehensible.
Other Languages
Arabic
Arabic is a Semitic language that came into existence in the 1st - 4th centuries. It is the native language of the Arab world. The language is named after the Arabs who belonged to the Arabian Peninsula. It is the liturgical language of the religion Islam.
Burmese
Burmese is a Sino-Tibetan language. It is spoken widely in Myanmar (Burma). It is the native language of the Burmans. It has 2 dialects- the Irrawaddy River valley dialect and Outside the Irrawaddy basin dialect. The Burmese alphabet has descended from the Brahmic script.
Chinese
A Chinese language is a group of languages that form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages. It is the native language of Han Chinese ethnic groups in Greater China. Mandarin Chinese is the official language of the People's Republic of China.
Dari
Dari is one of the various dialects of the Persian language. The term has been popularized in the Persian language since 1964 by the Afghan Government. Dari is a political term for the Persian language. It is the native language of Afghanistan and is also spoken in some parts of Pakistan and Iran.
Farsi
Farsi is an endo um of the Persian language. It is a West Iranian language. After the Arab conquest, the Persian language got the name Farsi from the native speakers. It is a pluricentric language officially spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.
Hebrew
Hebrew is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language. Hebrew is the official language of the State of Israel. It is the liturgical language of Judaism and Samaritanism. It is considered the only dead Canaanite language that has been revived over the years.
Indonesian
Indonesian is the native and official language of Indonesia. It is considered one of the many varieties of Malay. It belongs to the Austronesian language family. Approximately 270 million inhabitants speak the Indonesian language. The Indonesian Language is primarily confined to formal communications.
Khmer
Khmer is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Khmer people. It is the national and official language of Cambodia. The language has its influences from Sanskrit and Pali. It is the earliest written language of the Mon-Khmer family. It was spoken in the historical empires of Chenla, Angkor, and Funan.
Korean
The Korean language is the official and national language of North and South Korea. The dialects vary in both these regions. It is the native language of 80 million people in these regions. The Korean script was developed in the 15th century, and it has 24 basic letters and 27 complex letters.
Kurdish
Kurdish is a language spoken by the Kurds. It is the native language of Kurdistan and the Kurdish diaspora. The Kurdish language belongs to the Western Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. There are three main dialects of the language- Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji), Central Kurdish (Sorani), and Southern Kurdish (Xwarin).
Lao
Lao is the native and official language of the Lao people in Laos. It is a Kra-Dai language. It is also spoken in the northeast of Thailand. About 7 million people speak the language in this region. Lao, when spoken, is mutually intelligible with Thai and Isan.
Malay
The Malay language is officially spoken in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. It belongs to the Austronesian language family. About 260 million people residing in these regions speak Malay. It has two standard dialect forms- Indonesian and Malaysian. It is written in the Latin script.
Pashto
Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language that belongs to the Indo-European language family. In historical Persian Literature, it is known as Afghani. It is the native language of the Pashtuns. It is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan. It is spoken in some parts of Balochistan and Pakistan.
Russian
The Russian language is an East Slavic language. It is the native and official language of Russia. It belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is also the official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union.
Sinhalese
Sinhala is an Indo-Aryan language. It is the native language of the Sinhalese in Srilanka. It is the national and official language of Srilanka. It is written in Sinhala script, one of the Brahmic scripts. It played a vital role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature.
Somali
The Somali language belongs to the Afroasiatic language family. It is the official language of Somalia, Somaliland, and Ethiopia. It is the national language of Djibouti and northwestern Kenya. It is written officially in a Latin script. It is the native language of the Somalis.
Tagalog
The Tagalog language belongs to the Austronesian language family. It is the native language of the Tagalog people. The Tagalog people form a quarter population of the Philippines. The standardized form of Tagalog language is known as Filipino, and it is the national language of the Philippines.
Thai
The Thai language is a Tai language of the Kra-Dai language family. It is the native language of Central Thai people and Thai Chinese people. It is the official language of Thailand. Its vocabulary is derived from Pali, Sanskrit, Mon, and Old Khmer.
Turkish
The Turkish language is the national language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. It is the most widely spoken of all the Turkic languages. It is the 13th most spoken language in the world. It has over 80 million native speakers in the world.
Vietnamese
The Vietnamese language belongs to the Austroasiatic language family. It is the national and official language of Vietnam. The Vietnamese alphabets have been derived from the Latin script. It is also spoken in other parts of Southeast Asia, East Asia, North America, Europe and Australia.
